Alrighty, buckle up because I’m about to take you on a wild ride through the world of microservices! Microservices is a fancy term for designing software by breaking it down into lots of little parts that work together like a team. Each part is like its own little superhero, with its special powers and abilities. But instead of working alone, they all team up and communicate with each other through these fancy communication lines called APIs.
The whole point of this microservices thingamajig is to make it easier and faster for software developers to create and update their programs. It’s like building a puzzle, but instead of having to put together one big puzzle, you break it down into smaller, more manageable pieces. And the best part is, if you need to change or update one of those pieces, you can do it without messing up the whole puzzle. It’s like magic!
So, there you have it. Microservices is all about breaking down software into smaller, more manageable pieces that work together like a team of superheroes, making it easier and faster for developers to create and update their programs.
1. Higher Scalability:
So, when we talk about “higher scalability”, we mean that our software can handle a lot more traffic and users without slowing down or crashing.
2. Faster time to market:
By this, we mean that we can get our software out there and ready for use in record time. That means we can stay ahead of the competition and keep our customers happy.
3.Higher maintainability:
It’s easier for us to keep our software up and running smoothly, which saves us time and money in the long run.
4.Easy and faster deployment:
It means that we can get updates and changes to our software out to users quickly and without a lot of hassle. That means less downtime and more productivity.
5.Increased modularity:
It is a fancy way of saying that our software is broken down into smaller, more manageable parts. That makes it easier to develop, update, and troubleshoot.
Now, there are some challenges like security, testing, design, and operational complexity. But We’ve got some microservices best practices that can help us overcome these challenges and create a whole ecosystem of software that works like a well-oiled machine. That means more productivity, less hassle, and happier customers. Sounds like a win-win to me!
When it comes to microservices architecture, you gotta start by figuring out if it’s the right fit for your business needs. That means taking a good, hard look at your requirements and seeing if microservices can help you meet those needs better than other options out there.
But that’s not all! You also need to make sure that your program can be broken down into smaller, more manageable parts without losing any important features or functionalities. That means doing some research and planning to make sure everything works together like a well-oiled machine.
Now, let’s say you wanna build a fancy-schmancy server-side enterprise application. You gotta make sure it meets the following requirements:
If you wanna develop an application that meets all those fancy requirements we talked about earlier, then you gotta follow some rules.
First of all, you wanna structure your application as a group of services that work together like a well-choreographed dance routine. But here’s the catch – these services gotta be loosely coupled and collaborating. That means they work together without getting all tangled up like a ball of yarn.
And what about each service, you ask? Well, each service should be highly maintainable and testable. Why, you might ask? ‘Cause that’ll help you develop and deploy faster, and who doesn’t love that?
Oh, and don’t forget – each service should be able to work independently from other services. That way, each team can focus on its separate service(s) without worrying about what everyone else is doing.
And last but not least, each service should be developed by a small team. Why, you might ask? ‘Cause, that’ll boost productivity and get things done faster.
It ain’t always sunshine and rainbows when it comes to microservices architecture.
For example, if your application ain’t too complicated and only has a small number of things it needs to do, then you might be better off with a good fashioned monolithic architecture. Keep it simple!
And what about your development team? If it’s a small team and they can handle the workload without needing to split things up into tiny pieces, then monolithic might be the way to go.
When it comes to microservices, you gotta know what’s what. That means understanding the difference between your company operations, services, and microservices. Without this knowledge, you might end up with either too few or too many microservices. And that’s not good for anyone!
On one hand, if you don’t break things up enough, your microservices won’t be very useful. But on the other hand, if you break things up too much, you’ll end up with an overly fragmented architecture.
If you wanna use microservices, you gotta have an experienced team to operate and maintain them. It’s not something you can just throw together and hope for the best.
And finally, deciding how to partition your system into microservices can be a bit of an art form. But fear not! There are plenty of strategies out there to help you with this task. So, don’t be afraid to do your research and find the method that works best for you.
1. Decompose using business capability
Define microservices based on business capabilities such as customer management, supplier management, and order management.
2. Decompose using domain-driven design subdomains
3.Break it down by action:
Identify services responsible for specific actions or use cases. For example, you could have a Shipping Service that handles everything related to shipping orders.
Break it down by resource: Determine which service is responsible for all functions related to a certain type of resource. For instance, an Account Service could take care of all user account-related tasks.
If you’re planning to use microservices, it’s important to have separate teams responsible for each service. Each team should have the necessary skills and tools to develop, implement, and maintain their service.
However, creating multiple teams can also present some challenges, like making sure that they can work independently without spending too much time communicating with each other. Here are some things to keep in mind:
Have you ever heard of the Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)? It’s like having your own superhero identity – each component of your code should have one and only one responsibility! This applies to microservices, classes, modules, and methods. By breaking down your code into smaller pieces with specific tasks, you’ll enjoy a bunch of benefits:
Understandability and learning curve:
Imagine trying to learn how to play an entire song on the piano at once. It’s overwhelming! But if you break it down into smaller sections, it’s much easier to learn and master. The same goes for microservices. When each one has a specific task, it’s easier to understand and work with.
Flexibility:
Just like building blocks, you can combine microservices in various ways to create different configurations. This gives you the flexibility to adapt and change your application as needed.
Reusability:
With each microservice focusing on one responsibility, you can easily reuse them in other parts of your code. It’s like having your own set of Lego pieces!
Testability:
Testing your code is important, but it can be a pain when everything is intertwined. By breaking things down, you can write and maintain test cases for each microservice, class, and method. This makes it much easier to debug and fix issues when they come up.
So, if you want to make your code more manageable and enjoyable to work with, remember the Single Responsibility Principle!
One of the golden rules of creating a great architectural design is to ensure that each microservice, class, function, subsystem, or module has only one reason to change. This means that any component should be responsible for a single task or feature, and changes to that feature should not affect other parts of the system.
By using RESTful APIs, you don’t have to install anything on the client side or worry about choosing the right framework, which is pretty neat.
To make sure you’re getting the most out of your microservices, make sure each service has its own repository and version control. This can be a lifesaver when implementing changes that could potentially break other services.
Let’s say you’re building an online store using microservices, and you need to display product details in multiple ways, like on a website and a mobile app. To do this, you’ll need to access different microservices for pricing, basic details, availability, reviews, and purchase history. This might sound like a hassle, but it’s a good thing because it allows you to use fine-grained APIs and gives clients the flexibility to communicate with more than one service.
But, how do you access individual microservices? That’s where an API gateway comes in. It acts as a single entry point for each client and can easily handle all access requests. Some requests are routed to specific services, while others are fanned out to multiple services. With an API gateway, you can handle different client requirements, and it can dynamically adjust to changes in service instances and locations.
So, to sum it up, using REST APIs and events optimally and having a proper version control strategy will make your microservices architecture a piece of cake!
Stay consistent with your development environment.
Get your microservice up and running quickly by setting up a virtual machine (VM) as your development environment. Think of it as a computer inside your computer! With a VM, you can emulate the functionality of a physical computer and its hardware, all within your main computer. This way, you can enjoy these benefits:
Microservices need to communicate with each other to function properly, but a single unavailable service can cause miscommunication and bring down the entire application. Synchronous and Asynchronous communication are the two types of communication among microservices. Asynchronous communication is preferred to avoid tightly coupled components. It includes practices like request/response, notifications, request/asynchronous response, publishes/subscribe, and publish/asynchronous response.
When it comes to implementing microservice architecture, using the right frameworks, libraries, and tools can make a world of difference. However, choosing the right ones can be a daunting task and requires a significant investment of time and effort. Before making any decisions, it’s important to ask yourself and your team the following questions:
Picture this: you’re building microservices using the “Spring Boot” framework and automating your build and deployment process with DevOps tools. To make your life easier, here are a few tech tools you can use:
Adopt the DevSecOps Model and Secure Microservices
DevSecOps and Microservices are two beneficial concepts in software development automation that, when combined, improve microservices’ security, software quality, and deployment speed.
DevSecOps handles significant security issues during the development, deployment, and production phases, while Microservices facilitates building independent microservices in parallel. To manage data in Microservices, it’s crucial to have a separate data store for each microservice, accessible only via its API.
Every microservice should deploy separately, and container orchestration platforms such as Kubernetes should orchestrate microservices. The deployment process must be automated using tools like Jenkins. Lastly, an effective monitoring system must be in place to ensure that all microservices function as expected and efficiently use resources.
so basically, the DevSecOps teams like to use a special way of building software called “microservice architecture”. It helps make sure that the software is developed securely and without too many mistakes. Microservices are like little building blocks that can work together without being too dependent on each other. This makes it easier for the developers to create the software. And using microservices can also help make the software better and faster! Plus, when you combine DevSecOps and microservices, it’s even better for things like machine learning and artificial intelligence. So, it’s a really popular way of building software these days!
Get Your Data Together (But Not Too Together)
When it comes to managing your data, you want to keep things separate and specific. Each of your microservices should have a database that’s designed just for it. Don’t be tempted to use a big shared database because any changes you make there could mess with all your microservices. Instead, use APIs that have the right kind of access to let your other services get at the data they need.
Using the same database for all microservices can be risky and make it similar to a monolithic architecture. So, it’s better to have a separate database for each microservice based on their specific responsibility.
Sometimes, multiple microservices may need to access the same database to retrieve data. But, if you look closely, you’ll see that each microservice only works with a certain subset of database tables.
By separating the data of each microservice, you can enjoy benefits like:
Also, make sure to keep each microservice’s data private and only accessible through its API. If any service needs to access another service’s data, it can be done via a service mesh and distributed hash table.
Microservices is an architectural pattern that involves the development and design of software as a collection of small and independent services that interact over well-defined lightweight application programming interfaces (APIs) to meet business requirements. The main aim of microservices architecture is to help software development companies to accelerate process development by enabling continuous delivery and development.
At its primitive phase, each of these microservices acts as an individual app in itself. In the past few years, microservices architecture has gained immense popularity as it offers several benefits over monolithic architectures such as:
For all these benefits, you might wonder what challenges you’re going to face. You’ll face challenges such as security, testing, design, and operational complexity. But you’re not required to worry about these challenges as we have the best solution available. Just by adhering to some of the below microservices’ best practices, you can create a whole microservices ecosystem that is more effective, improves productivity, and is free of unwanted architectural complexity.
Microservices architecture should be planned and designed based on the custom business requirements. The first step in the process is to decide whether Microservices architecture will best fit the customer’s requirements or not. So, make sure to study your requirements carefully. It will help you to decide which architectural pattern you must follow. Also, don’t forget to determine that your program can be segmented into value-added operations while maintaining its key features and functionalities by executing the necessary research.
Let’s understand this through an example where you want to build a server-side enterprise application that has the below-mentioned requirements :
To develop an application that follows the above requirements, illustrate an architecture that structures the application as a coordinated group of loosely coupled, and collaborating services. And each Service should be:
These we can achieve through Microservices architecture as it offers numerous benefits such as:
Now, let’s see when not to use microservices architecture. Monolithic architecture can be a better alternative when
You must draw a precise difference between your company operations, services, and microservices. Without this, you may develop large microservices. Because of this under-fragmentation, the microservices methodology will not be useful.
On the opposite side of the table is the prospect of developing an intense number of microservices. This will lead to an excessively fragmented architecture. Note that to operate and maintain a microservices architecture, an experienced operational staff is required.
Another challenge that you might face while using such services is deciding how to partition the system into microservices. We can say that it is an art, but you can find several strategies that can help you with this:
Creating separate teams to manage multiple microservices entails that these teams have the required expertise and tools to develop, implement, and maintain a given service. Make sure that the teams should be adaptable and strong enough to manage their activities independently without spending much time communicating.
Here are a few factors and challenges that you need to consider while building teams around microservices.
As we all know, Microservices have focused responsibilities that help to investigate incidents and monitor the status of each service that connects to a particular database. You might first not consider the Single Responsibility Principle while designing microservices but it should be applied to the various levels of software programming such as methods, classes, modules, and services where each of these levels states that they must have a single responsibility component. This phrase is concrete but it still doesn’t explain how large or small the responsibility should be or what the responsibility is for each method, service, class, or module. Apart from this, you’ll get various benefits by implementing SRP such as:
This is one of the best fundamental principles to create a good architectural design. It signifies that a microservice, class, function, subsystem, or module should not have multiple reasons to change.
If you’re using RESTful APIs optimally, the microservices architecture pattern delivers significant value and numerous advantages, e.g., you’re not required to install anything on the client side. You don’t need to worry about choosing frameworks since HTTP requests consuming the API gateway service is acceptable. To know the best value of microservices architecture, you must reach the highest level in this model.
To easily access provisioning, ensure each service has its repository while keeping version control logs clean. This can be handy if you’re implementing any change that can break other services.
Let’s discuss this through an example where you’re creating an online store using the Microservice architecture pattern and executing the product details page. For this, you need to develop more than one version of the product details user interface:
Additionally, the online store must uncover product details through a REST API for use by third-party apps. A product details interface (UI) displays various information related to the product. For instance, a clothing product-related page displays:
So, in the Microservice architecture pattern, product information is spread over multiple services. Like,
Therefore, the code that demonstrates product details needs to fetch the required information from various available services.
Now you may be thinking, how to access individual microservices?
And to overcome such problems, you should implement an API gateway that has a single entry point for each client so that it can easily handle all the access requests in one of two ways. Here you’ll find that some requests are routed to a particular service and handle other requests by fanning out to various services.
Set up the development environment of your microservice as VM(virtual machine) as it allows developers to adopt the framework and initiate the development quickly. Also, the virtual machine emulates the functionality of a computing system and physical hardware that runs on top of emulating software. The physical hardware resources available in the hypervisor replicates the functionality that is referred to as the host machine. It also offers various benefits such as:
Have you ever wondered how these services communicate with one another? While interacting with each other, a single unavailable service can lead to a miscommunication which can collapse the entire application. For instance, you have developed a system with microservices for an e-commerce store where one microservice sends a text notification to the customer when their order is placed. The other microservices take orders placed on the website. The third microservice notifies the warehouse when to courier the product. And the last microservice updates the inventory.
Synchronous and Asynchronous: basically, these are the two types of communication among microservices. First, let’s try to understand the above example using synchronous communication. When any customer creates an order, the web server will process the order and send a request to the notification service to send a text notification for the status of the order (either confirmed or failed). After receiving the response, the web server will send the request to the delivery service for the delivery date and time.
To stay away from all the complications of tightly coupled components, try using asynchronous communication among microservices. There are several practices for asynchronous communication:
If you’re using the right frameworks, libraries, and tools, you can easily implement the microservice architecture. But it is a challenging task to select the right tools and frameworks as it requires you to invest a lot of time and effort. So before you choose any tools and technologies, make sure to always put across the below-mentioned questions for yourself or your team:
Now, for instance, imagine that you’re creating microservices using “Spring Boot” which is a popular open-source framework, and implementing DevOps tools to automate the build and deployment process. Here are a few examples of tools and technologies that you can use:
When it comes to software development automation, DevSecOps (development, security, and operations) and Microservices both are very helpful. By combining these two concepts, microservices security, software quality, and deployment speed can be improved. DevSecOps is responsible for handling major security issues that might occur during the development, deployment, and production phase. Apart from this, it becomes easier to build independent microservices for software parallelly using Microservices and DevSecOps.
Despite this, the DevSecOps teams tend to use the microservice architecture when it comes to the development phase so that it makes sure that Continuous Integration is maintained with increased security measures. We know that Microservices are loosely coupled and not dependent on each other, the development becomes a little easier for developers who’re using the DevSecOps strategy. Also, Microservice architecture helps to increase the speed of DevSecOps-enabled applications and also offers several benefits when combined with Microservices:
As we mentioned earlier, the combination of DevSecOps and microservices is beneficial and is becoming popular nowadays as more and more development teams have already started using this combination when it comes to Machine Learning and Artificial intelligence. Combining these two strategies helps to enhance the performance of technologies and it makes sure that the scalability of the software is maintained.
For managing the data, make sure you’re choosing a separate database, customize the infrastructure, and keep it only to your microservice. Instead, if you’re using a shared or monolithic database, then it won’t serve the purpose. Any change to that database would impact all the microservices that are used in that database. So make sure that the database you choose to store your data is exclusively for your microservice. If any other service wants to access the data, then it should only be done via APIs that have to write access for the particular microservice.
If you choose the same database for all microservices, you’re making it fragile, in essence, a monolithic architecture. So, each microservice must have its separate database specific to the responsibility.
Sometimes, it can be possible that various microservices need to access the same database to fetch the data. However, an in-depth examination helps you to reveal that one microservice works with a subset of database tables, and on the other hand, a microservice only works with an entirely different subset of tables. The key reasons to separate the data of each microservices are:
Lastly, make sure to keep each microservice’s data private to that particular service. It must be accessible only via its API. If any service wants to access the data of any other service, it can also be done via service mesh and distributed hash table.
This way, you won’t need to coordinate with a bunch of teams, and you can easily maintain or upgrade each service without getting bogged down. Plus, if a few microservices have the same resources, it’s smart to give them their own space to avoid any outages that could affect everything else.”
Here are some cool ways to deploy your microservices:
To make your microservices successful, orchestration is essential. You can use Docker to run containers on a virtual machine, but it doesn’t provide the same level of resiliency as a container orchestration platform. This can affect uptime, which is important for microservices. Therefore, it’s crucial to choose a reliable container orchestration platform like Kubernetes for effective microservice orchestration.
With Kubernetes, you can easily manage container deployment and provisioning, load balancing, network communication, scaling, and replica sets for high availability. It’s a battle-tested platform that can help you manage all your microservices effectively.
In DevOps, automation is key to improving efficiency. That’s where Jenkins comes in! Jenkins is an automation tool that makes it easy to automate DevOps workflows. It enables Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery, so you can streamline your development process and get your code out the door faster.
Let’s talk about monitoring your microservices! When you use microservices, you can have lots of small parts working together, which can be fast and efficient, but also means you need to keep an eye on all of them to make sure everything is running smoothly.
You want to make sure that each microservice is doing what it’s supposed to be doing and using its resources well. If something isn’t working right, you want to be able to fix it quickly.
For example, let’s say you have a microservice that’s supposed to handle requests, but it’s running out of database connections. Your monitoring system should be able to send you an alert so you can fix the problem and make sure requests are being handled properly.
Luckily, you don’t have to start from scratch when it comes to monitoring your microservices. There are lots of monitoring tools out there that you can use to keep an eye on things. These tools can give you all sorts of information, like how many users were online at a particular time, how fast your different microservices are talking to each other, and how much CPU load you’re using.
By monitoring your microservices and keeping track of all this data, you can make smart decisions about how to keep everything running smoothly and make improvements where needed.
With experience of over 16 years. I have worked with clients like UPS and logistics startups in India.I can help with Product Implementation Strategy , Product Requirements, Product Backlog, Product Features, Product Success Parameters , Conduct Product Competitor Research , Providing Open Source Advocacy to optimize build costs , Managing Business Analyst Teams, , Managing Development Teams, Managing QA Teams Define and Track Success Metrics and KPI’s
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